Updated · Stage 3 Tax Cuts · 2024–25

Australian Tax
Calculated Instantly

Income tax, capital gains, GST, and side hustle tax — all in one place. No accountant needed for a quick estimate.

$18,200
Tax-free threshold
10%
GST rate
50%
CGT discount (1yr+)
45%
Top marginal rate

Income Tax Calculator — 2024–25

Includes Stage 3 tax cuts, Medicare levy, LITO, LMITO phase-out, and HECS/HELP repayment.

Work expenses, donations, home office
Reduces your taxable income
No PHI + income >$93K = 1% Medicare Levy Surcharge
Tax Payable
$0
incl. Medicare levy
Take-Home Pay
$0
annual net
Effective Tax Rate
0%
of gross income
Marginal Rate
0%
on next $1 earned
How your income is split
Tax by bracket
💡 Stage 3 changes (from 1 Jul 2024): The 19% bracket now covers $18,201–$45,000 (was $37,000). The 32.5% bracket covers $45,001–$135,000. The 37% bracket covers $135,001–$190,000. The top 45% rate starts at $190,001. These changes gave most middle-income earners a meaningful tax cut.

Australian Tax Brackets 2024–25 (After Stage 3 Cuts)

The Stage 3 tax cuts took effect from 1 July 2024, making significant changes to Australia's income tax brackets. Here are the 2024–25 rates for Australian residents:

Taxable IncomeTax RateTax on This Bracket
$0 – $18,2000% (tax-free)Nil
$18,201 – $45,00019%Up to $5,092
$45,001 – $135,00032.5%Up to $29,250
$135,001 – $190,00037%Up to $20,350
Over $190,00145%Unlimited

Medicare Levy

The Medicare Levy is an additional 2% on your taxable income, used to fund Australia's public health system. Low-income earners may receive a reduction or exemption. If you earn over $93,000 as a single (or $186,000 as a family) and don't have private hospital cover, you also pay the Medicare Levy Surcharge of 1–1.5%.

Low Income Tax Offset (LITO)

LITO provides up to $700 in tax relief for incomes up to $37,500. It phases out at 5 cents per dollar between $37,500 and $45,000, then at 1.5 cents per dollar between $45,000 and $66,667.

What deductions can I claim? +
Common deductions include: work-related expenses (uniform, tools, professional development), home office running costs (67 cents/hour fixed rate method in 2024), investment property expenses (interest, repairs, depreciation), charitable donations to DGRs, income protection insurance premiums, and tax agent fees. You can claim deductions without receipts up to $300 for work-related expenses.
How does HECS/HELP repayment work? +
HECS/HELP repayments are compulsory once your income exceeds $54,435 (2024–25 threshold). Repayment rates range from 1% to 10% of your income depending on how much you earn. Repayments are not tax-deductible. Your employer withholds extra tax to cover HECS if you indicate you have a debt on your tax file number declaration.
Do I need to lodge a tax return? +
Most Australians with income above the tax-free threshold ($18,200) are required to lodge a tax return by 31 October (or later if using a registered tax agent). You may not need to lodge if your only income was from salary with correct PAYG withholding and you have no deductions or other income to claim — but most people benefit from lodging as they often receive a refund.

Capital Gains Tax Calculator — Australia

Calculate CGT on shares, property, crypto, or any asset. Includes the 50% CGT discount for assets held over 12 months.

Brokerage, stamp duty, legal fees
Agent commission, brokerage
CGT adds to your taxable income
Current or carried-forward losses
CGT Payable
$0
additional tax this year
Capital Gain
$0
before discount
Taxable Gain
$0
after discount
Net Profit
$0
after CGT

Capital Gains Tax in Australia — Complete Guide

Capital Gains Tax (CGT) in Australia is not a separate tax — capital gains are added to your assessable income and taxed at your marginal rate. The key advantage for long-term investors is the 50% CGT discount: if you hold an asset for more than 12 months before selling, only 50% of the capital gain is included in your taxable income.

What Triggers a CGT Event?

CGT applies when you sell or dispose of a capital asset — including shares, ETFs, investment properties, cryptocurrency, business assets, and collectibles over $500. Your main residence is generally exempt. Gifts, transferring assets to a trust, and some company transactions can also trigger CGT events.

Crypto and CGT

The ATO treats cryptocurrency as property, not currency. Every disposal (selling, trading, or using crypto to purchase goods) is a CGT event. Crypto-to-crypto trades (e.g. swapping Bitcoin for Ethereum) are also taxable events. The 50% discount applies if you held the crypto for over 12 months. Accurate record-keeping is essential — track the AUD value at the time of every transaction.

Can I offset capital losses? +
Yes. Capital losses can offset capital gains in the same year. If losses exceed gains, the excess is carried forward to future years indefinitely. Capital losses cannot offset ordinary income — they can only reduce capital gains. Tax-loss harvesting (selling underperforming assets before year-end) is a common strategy to reduce CGT obligations.
Does the main residence exemption always apply? +
Your main residence is generally fully exempt from CGT if you've lived in it the entire time you owned it. Partial exemptions apply if you rented it out for periods, used it for business, or it was your main residence for only part of the ownership period. Foreign residents lost the main residence exemption for CGT purposes from 2019 — a significant change for Australians living abroad.
How does property depreciation affect CGT? +
Depreciation deductions claimed on investment properties reduce your cost base, which increases your capital gain on sale. For example, if you claimed $20,000 in building allowance depreciation, your cost base is reduced by $20,000, increasing CGT. Division 43 (building allowance) depreciation doesn't add back for the purposes of the 50% CGT discount calculation.

GST Calculator — Australia

Add or remove GST from any amount. Useful for business owners, freelancers, and BAS preparation.

GST Amount
$100.00
per unit
Price (incl. GST)
$1,100.00
per unit
Price (excl. GST)
$1,000.00
per unit
Total GST (all units)
$100.00
GST registration required
💡 GST-free supplies include: basic food (fresh produce, bread, milk), medical and health services, education, childcare, exports, and most financial services. Input-taxed supplies (residential rent, financial services) don't attract GST on the sale but you can't claim GST credits on related purchases.

GST in Australia — Business Guide

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a 10% tax on most goods, services, and other items sold or consumed in Australia. Businesses registered for GST collect it on behalf of the government and can claim credits for GST paid on business purchases (input tax credits).

Do I Need to Register for GST?

You must register for GST if your annual turnover is $75,000 or more ($150,000 for non-profit bodies). Taxi and ride-sharing drivers must register regardless of turnover. If you're under the threshold, registration is optional but may be beneficial if you have significant GST-creditable expenses.

GST and BAS

Registered businesses report GST via a Business Activity Statement (BAS) — usually quarterly or monthly. Your BAS shows GST collected minus GST credits, with the net amount paid to or refunded by the ATO. Accurate record-keeping and accounting software (Xero, MYOB, QuickBooks) make BAS preparation much simpler.

Is GST charged on exported goods? +
No — exports of goods and services are generally GST-free (zero-rated). If you sell goods or services to overseas customers and the supply is connected with Australia, different rules may apply. Services exported to non-residents and consumed outside Australia are generally GST-free. This is advantageous because you can claim GST credits on related inputs without charging GST on the sale.
Can I claim GST on business purchases? +
Yes — these are called input tax credits. You can claim the GST portion back on purchases made for your business, provided you have a valid tax invoice for purchases over $82.50 (GST-inclusive). You cannot claim credits on private expenses, purchases for making input-taxed supplies (like residential rent), or purchases from unregistered suppliers.

Side Hustle & Freelance Tax Calculator

Estimate tax on your freelance, gig economy, or side business income. Includes sole trader tax, GST threshold, super obligations, and quarterly instalment estimates.

Your regular job salary
Gross income from freelance/gig work
Equipment, software, home office, phone, materials
At 67¢/hr (ATO fixed rate 2024–25)
Extra Tax Owed
$0
from side hustle income
Net Side Hustle Income
$0
after tax & expenses
Set Aside (30% rule)
$0
save per quarter
GST Registration
Not required
under $75K threshold

Tax on Side Hustles in Australia — What You Must Know

All income from side hustles, freelance work, and the gig economy is taxable in Australia — whether or not you receive a payment summary or the platform reports it to the ATO. The ATO has data-matching programs with most major platforms including Uber, Airbnb, Etsy, and eBay.

Sole Trader vs Company

Most side hustlers operate as sole traders — simple to set up, no separate tax return, income is just added to your personal return. A company structure makes sense once you're earning consistent profit above $80,000–$100,000 from your side business, as the 25% company tax rate becomes advantageous over personal marginal rates. Seek advice before structuring.

What Can I Deduct?

You can claim genuine business expenses including: equipment and technology directly used in the business, a portion of phone and internet (business use %), home office running costs (67¢/hr fixed rate), subscriptions and software, professional development directly related to income, and vehicle costs (if used for work, not commuting). The expense must be directly related to earning your side hustle income.

PAYG Instalments

Once your side hustle income exceeds ~$4,000 in business/investment income (and total tax is over $1,000), the ATO will require quarterly PAYG instalments — pre-paying your expected annual tax bill. This prevents a large lump-sum tax bill at year-end. Many people find it helpful to voluntarily start paying quarterly anyway.

Do I need an ABN for a side hustle? +
You need an ABN if you're carrying on a business — which includes regular, organised activity aimed at making a profit, even if you're also employed. Without an ABN, anyone paying you for business services must withhold 47% of the payment under no-ABN withholding rules. ABN registration is free and takes about 15 minutes via the Australian Business Register.
Do I need to pay super on side hustle income? +
As a sole trader, you're not required to pay yourself super, but you should consider it strongly for retirement. You can make personal concessional contributions and claim a tax deduction — this is one of the most tax-effective strategies for self-employed people. If you hire workers (including contractors in some cases), you may have SG obligations for them.
What if my side hustle makes a loss? +
If your side business makes a genuine loss, you may be able to offset it against your employment income under the Non-Commercial Loss rules — but only if you meet one of four tests (income test, profits test, assessable income test, or real property test). The ATO scrutinises hobby vs. business distinctions, so ensure your activity is genuinely profit-oriented.